{"id":4900,"date":"2023-09-08T17:46:17","date_gmt":"2023-09-08T15:46:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sto-lijecimo\/centralni-nervovy-system\/rakovina-centralniho-nervoveho-systemu\/"},"modified":"2024-06-21T14:10:36","modified_gmt":"2024-06-21T12:10:36","slug":"rak-cns-a","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/hr\/sto-lijecimo\/sredisnji-zivcani-sustav\/rak-cns-a\/","title":{"rendered":"Rak CNS-a"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>N\u00e1dory CNS<\/h3>\n<div class=\"gdc_row\">\n<div class=\"gdc_column gdc_chalf\">\n<div class=\"gdc_inner\">\n<p>Obecn\u011b je d\u011bl\u00edme na\u00a0n\u00e1dory <strong class=\"custom-bold\">prim\u00e1rn\u00ed<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed z&nbsp;bun\u011bk mozkov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b nebo okoln\u00edch struktur (nap\u0159. mozkov\u00fdch plen &#8211; meningeomy), a&nbsp;na&nbsp;mnohem po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skupinu\u00a0n\u00e1dor\u016f <strong class=\"custom-bold\">sekund\u00e1rn\u00edch<\/strong>, co\u017e jsou dce\u0159in\u00e9 n\u00e1dory (tzv. metast\u00e1zy), jejich\u017e p\u016fvodn\u00ed n\u00e1dor m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt kdekoliv v&nbsp;t\u011ble (nap\u0159. prs, pl\u00edce, ledvina).<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"custom-bold\">Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed n\u00e1dory<\/strong> mozku p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed\u00a0cca <strong class=\"custom-bold\">1-2&nbsp;%<\/strong> v\u0161ech zhoubn\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok v&nbsp;\u010cesk\u00e9 republice onemocn\u00ed n\u00e1dorem mozku cca\u00a0800 lid\u00ed, s&nbsp;m\u00edrnou p\u0159evahou u&nbsp;mu\u017e\u016f. V\u00fdskyt tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro dv\u011b v\u011bkov\u00e9 skupiny \u2013 d\u011bti do 5 let a&nbsp;dosp\u011bl\u00ed po 60.&nbsp;roku.<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"custom-bold\">Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed mozkov\u00e9 n\u00e1dory<\/strong> jsou zna\u010dn\u011b r\u016fznorodou skupinou. Nej\u010dast\u011bji vznikaj\u00ed z&nbsp;bun\u011bk podp\u016frn\u00e9 mozkov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b (neuroglie), to jsou tzv. gliomy, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00edce jak 50&nbsp;% v\u0161ech n\u00e1dor\u016f CNS. Podle ur\u010dit\u00fdch histologick\u00fdch znak\u016f a&nbsp;chov\u00e1n\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se gliomy zjednodu\u0161en\u011b d\u011bl\u00ed na&nbsp;gliomy s&nbsp;n\u00edzk\u00fdm stupn\u011bm malignity (low-grade gliomy) a&nbsp;gliomy s&nbsp;vysok\u00fdm stupn\u011bm malignity (high-grade gliomy).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gdc_column gdc_chalf\">\n<div class=\"gdc_inner\">\n<p><strong class=\"custom-bold\">Gliomy s&nbsp;n\u00edzk\u00fdm stupn\u011bm malignity<\/strong> rostou pomalu, n\u011bkdy i&nbsp;n\u011bkolik let. Jejich v\u00fdskyt je \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed u&nbsp;mlad\u0161\u00edch v\u011bkov\u00fdch skupin (20-40 let). R\u016fst t\u011bchto typ\u016f n\u00e1dor\u016f nen\u00ed dob\u0159e ohrani\u010den\u00fd od okoln\u00ed zdrav\u00e9 mozkov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b, z&nbsp;toho d\u016fvodu je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 jej zcela opera\u010dn\u011b odstranit. V&nbsp;pr\u016fb\u011bhu let se mohou pomalu zv\u011bt\u0161ovat nebo se prom\u011bnit v&nbsp;malign\u00ed gliomy.<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"custom-bold\">Gliom s&nbsp;vysok\u00fdm stupn\u011bm malignity<\/strong> vznik\u00e1 nej\u010dast\u011bji dv\u011bma r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby, a&nbsp;to bu\u010f p\u0159irozen\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b genetick\u00fdch poruch z&nbsp;n\u00edzce malign\u00edho gliomu, nebo p\u0159\u00edmo ze zdrav\u00e9 mozkov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b. Pro tyto vysoce malign\u00ed gliomy je typick\u00fd rychl\u00fd agresivn\u00ed r\u016fst (t\u00fddny a\u017e m\u011bs\u00edce). V\u00edce postihuje osoby star\u0161\u00ed 50 let. Jeho ohrani\u010den\u00ed nen\u00ed z\u0159eteln\u00e9 a&nbsp;jasn\u011b definovan\u00e9, a&nbsp;proto b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u00fapln\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemo\u017en\u00e9. \u010casto tak\u00e9 doch\u00e1z\u00ed k&nbsp;recidiv\u00e1m, k&nbsp;op\u011btovn\u00e9mu r\u016fstu v&nbsp;m\u00edst\u011b po operaci nebo v\u00a0jeho okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gdc_row\">\n<div class=\"gdc_column gdc_chalf\">\n<div class=\"gdc_inner\">\n<h3>Dal\u0161\u00ed typy n\u00e1dor\u016f mozku<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Z \u010dast\u00fdch mozkov\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f<\/strong>\u00a0je nutn\u00e9 zm\u00ednit meningeomy, co\u017e jsou p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b benign\u00ed n\u00e1dory vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z&nbsp;bun\u011bk mozkov\u00fdch obal\u016f a&nbsp;jsou \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed u&nbsp;\u017een a&nbsp;u&nbsp;osob star\u0161\u00edch 50 let. D\u00e1le jsou to n\u00e1dory mozkom\u00ed\u0161n\u00edch nerv\u016f (neurinomy), kter\u00e9 jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou benign\u00ed a&nbsp;tak\u00e9 adenomy hypof\u00fdzy, kter\u00e9 se projevuj\u00ed poruchami hormon\u00e1ln\u00edch funkc\u00ed nebo poruchami zraku (v\u00fdpadky zorn\u00e9ho pole tlakem na&nbsp;optick\u00e9 nervy). Z\u00a0n\u00e1dor\u016f p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u011btsk\u00e9ho v\u011bku jsou to meduloblastomy a&nbsp;ependymomy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gdc_column gdc_chalf\">\n<div class=\"gdc_inner\">\n<h3>Jak\u00e9 jsou rizikov\u00e9 faktory vzniku mozkov\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Podobn\u011b jako u&nbsp;jin\u00fdch n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed nen\u00ed ani u&nbsp;n\u00e1dor\u016f mozku p\u0159esn\u011b zmapov\u00e1n kompletn\u00ed seznam mo\u017en\u00fdch spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edch mechanism\u016f. Jist\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee svou roli hraje d\u011bdi\u010dnost (asi 5&nbsp;% ze v\u0161ech mozkov\u00fdch tumor\u016f je geneticky podm\u00edn\u011bno), a&nbsp;negativn\u00ed vliv m\u00e1 i&nbsp;p\u016fsoben\u00ed radioaktivn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, n\u011bkter\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek nebo vir\u016f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a  target=\"\"  class=\"button\" href=\"\/kontakt\/\">Kontaktujte n\u00e1s<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e1dory CNS<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":4901,"parent":4890,"menu_order":282,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-service-detail-with-sidebar.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4900","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4900","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4900"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4900\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4917,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4900\/revisions\/4917"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4890"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4901"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}