{"id":3242,"date":"2023-09-08T17:46:17","date_gmt":"2023-09-08T15:46:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/co-liecime\/centralni-nervovy-system\/rakovina-centralniho-nervoveho-systemu\/"},"modified":"2024-07-16T13:00:04","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T11:00:04","slug":"rakovina-cns","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/co-liecime\/centralny-nervovy-system\/rakovina-cns\/","title":{"rendered":"Rakovina CNS"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1dory CNS<\/h3>\n
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V\u0161eobecne ich del\u00edme na n\u00e1dory prim\u00e1rne, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa z buniek mozgov\u00e9ho tkaniva alebo okolit\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far (napr. meninge\u00f3my), a na ove\u013ea po\u010detnej\u0161iu skupinu n\u00e1dorov sekund\u00e1rnych, \u010do s\u00fa dc\u00e9rske n\u00e1dory (tzv. metast\u00e1zy), ktor\u00fdch p\u00f4vodn\u00fd n\u00e1dor m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 kdeko\u013evek v tele (napr. prsn\u00edk, p\u013e\u00faca, obli\u010dka).<\/p>\n

Prim\u00e1rne n\u00e1dory mozgu predstavuj\u00fa cca 1-2% v\u0161etk\u00fdch zhubn\u00fdch n\u00e1dorov. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok v \u010ceskej republike ochorie n\u00e1dorom mozgu cca 800 \u013eud\u00ed, s miernou prevahou u mu\u017eov. V\u00fdskyt tohto ochorenia je \u010dastej\u0161\u00ed pre dve vekov\u00e9 skupiny – deti do 5 rokov a dospel\u00ed po 60. roku. Prim\u00e1rne mozgov\u00e9 n\u00e1dory s\u00fa zna\u010dne r\u00f4znorodou skupinou.<\/p>\n

Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vznikaj\u00fa z buniek podporn\u00e9ho mozgov\u00e9ho tkaniva (neuroglie), to s\u00fa tzv. gli\u00f3my, ktor\u00e9 tvoria viac ako 50 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch n\u00e1dorov CNS. Pod\u013ea ur\u010dit\u00fdch histologick\u00fdch znakov a spr\u00e1vania ochoren\u00ed sa gli\u00f3my zjednodu\u0161ene delia na gli\u00f3my s n\u00edzkym stup\u0148om malignity (low-grade gli\u00f3my) a gli\u00f3my s vysok\u00fdm stup\u0148om malignity (high-grade gli\u00f3my).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Gli\u00f3my s n\u00edzkym stup\u0148om malignity<\/strong> rast\u00fa pomaly, niekedy aj nieko\u013eko rokov. Ich v\u00fdskyt je \u010dastej\u0161\u00ed u mlad\u0161\u00edch vekov\u00fdch skup\u00edn (20-40 rokov). Rast t\u00fdchto typov n\u00e1dorov nie je dobre ohrani\u010den\u00fd od okolit\u00e9ho zdrav\u00e9ho mozgov\u00e9ho tkaniva, z toho d\u00f4vodu je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 ho \u00faplne opera\u010dne odstr\u00e1ni\u0165. V priebehu rokov sa m\u00f4\u017eu pomaly zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ova\u0165 alebo sa premeni\u0165 na mal\u00edgne gli\u00f3my.<\/p>\n

Gli\u00f3m s vysok\u00fdm stup\u0148om malignity<\/strong> vznik\u00e1 naj\u010dastej\u0161ie dvoma r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi, a to bu\u010f prirodzen\u00fdm v\u00fdvojom na z\u00e1klade genetick\u00fdch por\u00fach z n\u00edzko mal\u00edgneho gli\u00f3mu, alebo priamo zo zdrav\u00e9ho mozgov\u00e9ho tkaniva. Pre tieto vysoko mal\u00edgne gli\u00f3my je typick\u00fd r\u00fdchly agres\u00edvny rast (t\u00fd\u017edne a\u017e mesiace). Viac postihuje osoby star\u0161ie ako 50 rokov. Jeho ohrani\u010denie nie je zrete\u013en\u00e9 a jasne definovan\u00e9, a preto b\u00fdva \u00fapln\u00e9 odstr\u00e1nenie takmer nemo\u017en\u00e9. \u010casto tie\u017e doch\u00e1dza k recid\u00edvam, k op\u00e4tovn\u00e9mu rastu v mieste po oper\u00e1cii alebo v jeho okol\u00ed..<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u010eal\u0161ie typy n\u00e1dorov mozgu<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Z \u010dast\u00fdch mozgov\u00fdch n\u00e1dorov je nutn\u00e9 spomen\u00fa\u0165 meninge\u00f3my, \u010do s\u00fa preva\u017ene ben\u00edgne n\u00e1dory vych\u00e1dzaj\u00face z buniek mozgov\u00fdch obalov a s\u00fa \u010dastej\u0161ie u \u017eien a u os\u00f4b star\u0161\u00edch ako 50 rokov. \u010ealej s\u00fa to n\u00e1dory mozgovomiechov\u00fdch nervov (neurin\u00f3my), ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou ben\u00edgne a tie\u017e aden\u00f3my hypof\u00fdzy, ktor\u00e9 sa prejavuj\u00fa poruchami hormon\u00e1lnych funkci\u00ed alebo poruchami zraku (v\u00fdpadky zorn\u00e9ho po\u013ea tlakom na optick\u00e9 nervy). Z n\u00e1dorov predov\u0161etk\u00fdm detsk\u00e9ho veku s\u00fa to meduloblast\u00f3my a ependym\u00f3my.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa rizikov\u00e9 faktory vzniku mozgov\u00fdch n\u00e1dorov<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Podobne ako pri in\u00fdch n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch ochoreniach nie je ani pri n\u00e1doroch mozgu presne zmapovan\u00fd kompletn\u00fd zoznam mo\u017en\u00fdch sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ac\u00edch mechanizmov. Ist\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee svoju \u00falohu zohr\u00e1va dedi\u010dnos\u0165 (asi 5 % zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch mozgov\u00fdch tumorov je geneticky podmienen\u00fdch), a negat\u00edvny vplyv m\u00e1 aj p\u00f4sobenie r\u00e1dioakt\u00edvneho \u017eiarenia, niektor\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok alebo v\u00edrusov.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Kontaktujte n\u00e1s<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1dory CNS<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2892,"parent":3237,"menu_order":280,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-service-detail-with-sidebar.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3242","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3242","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3242"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3242\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6775,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3242\/revisions\/6775"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3237"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2892"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}