{"id":9297,"date":"2025-09-09T12:16:14","date_gmt":"2025-09-09T10:16:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/co-liecime\/dalsie-diagnozy\/slezina\/"},"modified":"2026-03-10T11:52:52","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T10:52:52","slug":"slezina","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/co-liecime\/dalsie-diagnozy\/slezina\/","title":{"rendered":"Slezina"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Myelofibr\u00f3za je vz\u00e1cne ochorenie kostnej drene, pri ktorom sa dre\u0148 postupne men\u00ed na v\u00e4zivov\u00e9 tkanivo a prest\u00e1va spr\u00e1vne fungova\u0165. Telo si potom \u010dasto \u201epres\u00fava\u201c krvotvorbu do in\u00fdch org\u00e1nov \u2013 naj\u010dastej\u0161ie do sleziny, ktor\u00e1 sa v\u00fdrazne zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed (tomu sa hovor\u00ed splenomeg\u00e1lia). Takto zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161en\u00e1 slezina m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 bolesti, tlak v bruchu, zhor\u0161ova\u0165 krvotvorbu a tie\u017e komplikova\u0165 bud\u00facu lie\u010dbu.<\/p>\n

Kto naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ochorie?<\/h4>\n

Myelofibr\u00f3za sa m\u00f4\u017ee objavi\u0165 sama od seba, ale aj ako n\u00e1sledok in\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed krvi. Typicky postihuje dospel\u00fdch pacientov v strednom a vy\u0161\u0161om veku. V mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch sa dar\u00ed ochorenie spomali\u0165 pomocou modern\u00fdch liekov (napr. tzv. JAK inhib\u00edtorov). U \u010dasti pacientov v\u0161ak tieto lieky prestan\u00fa fungova\u0165 a choroba postupuje \u010falej. V takejto situ\u00e1cii b\u00fdva naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ou mo\u017enos\u0165ou lie\u010dby transplant\u00e1cia kostnej drene (alog\u00e9nna transplant\u00e1cia kme\u0148ov\u00fdch buniek).<\/p>\n

Ako sa myelofibr\u00f3za lie\u010di?<\/h4>\n

Ak je slezina pr\u00edli\u0161 zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161en\u00e1, transplant\u00e1cia m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pre pacienta rizikov\u00e1 \u2013 hor\u0161ie sa \u201euchytia\u201c darovan\u00e9 bunky a hroz\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161ia pravdepodobnos\u0165 n\u00e1vratu choroby. Preto je niekedy potrebn\u00e9 slezinu pred transplant\u00e1ciou zmen\u0161i\u0165. Kedysi sa to rie\u0161ilo chirurgick\u00fdm odstr\u00e1nen\u00edm sleziny (splenekt\u00f3miou), \u010do je v\u0161ak ve\u013ek\u00fd a za\u0165a\u017euj\u00faci z\u00e1krok. Dnes sa st\u00e1le \u010dastej\u0161ie vyu\u017e\u00edva o\u017eiarenie sleziny n\u00edzkou d\u00e1vkou \u017eiarenia, ktor\u00e9 je \u0161etrnej\u0161ie a menej rizikov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u010co ukazuj\u00fa \u0161t\u00fadie?<\/h4>\n

Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie a pilotn\u00e9 projekty ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee aj n\u00edzke d\u00e1vky \u017eiarenia dok\u00e1\u017eu slezinu vidite\u013ene zmen\u0161i\u0165 a u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 priebeh transplant\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

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  • U v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny pacientov do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu zmen\u0161eniu sleziny.<\/li>\n
  • Transplant\u00e1cia prebehla \u00faspe\u0161ne a darovan\u00e9 bunky sa dobre uchytili.<\/li>\n
  • Ne\u017eiaduce \u00fa\u010dinky boli v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou mierne a prechodn\u00e9.<\/li>\n
  • Pacienti, ktor\u00ed podst\u00fapili o\u017eiarenie sleziny, mali ni\u017e\u0161ie riziko n\u00e1vratu choroby ne\u017e t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed i\u0161li na oper\u00e1ciu alebo boli bez pr\u00edpravy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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    Pre\u010do zvoli\u0165 prot\u00f3nov\u00fa terapiu?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    Prot\u00f3nov\u00e9 o\u017earovanie sleziny pom\u00e1ha:<\/p>\n

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    • zmen\u0161i\u0165 jej ve\u013ekos\u0165,<\/li>\n
    • zlep\u0161i\u0165 krvotvorbu,<\/li>\n
    • u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 uchytenie darovan\u00fdch kme\u0148ov\u00fdch buniek po transplant\u00e1cii,<\/li>\n
    • zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 riziko n\u00e1vratu ochorenia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9287,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-service-detail-with-sidebar.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9297","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9297","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9297"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9297\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9304,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9297\/revisions\/9304"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9297"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}