{"id":9317,"date":"2025-07-31T11:16:51","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T09:16:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/co-liecime\/dalsie-diagnozy\/sarkomy\/"},"modified":"2026-03-10T12:09:45","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T11:09:45","slug":"sarkomy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/co-liecime\/dalsie-diagnozy\/sarkomy\/","title":{"rendered":"Sark\u00f3my"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Sark\u00f3my s\u00fa vz\u00e1cnou skupinou n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa v m\u00e4kk\u00fdch tkaniv\u00e1ch, ako s\u00fa svaly, tukov\u00e9 tkanivo, v\u00e4zivo alebo nervy, a v kostiach. U dospel\u00fdch tvoria menej ako 1 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch n\u00e1dorov. Hoci ide o ve\u013emi r\u00f4znorod\u00fa skupinu diagn\u00f3z, sp\u00e1ja ich podobn\u00fd pr\u00edstup k lie\u010dbe.<\/p>\n

Medzi naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sark\u00f3my m\u00e4kk\u00fdch tkan\u00edv u dospel\u00fdch patr\u00ed liposark\u00f3m, synovi\u00e1lny sark\u00f3m, leiomyosark\u00f3m alebo n\u00e1dory vych\u00e1dzaj\u00face z nervov\u00fdch tkan\u00edv. Menej \u010dasto sa vyskytuj\u00fa sark\u00f3my kost\u00ed, ako je osteosark\u00f3m, Ewingov sark\u00f3m alebo chondrosark\u00f3m.<\/p>\n

Kto naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ochorie?<\/h4>\n

Sark\u00f3my m\u00f4\u017eu postihn\u00fa\u0165 deti aj dospel\u00fdch. U dospel\u00fdch sa zvy\u010dajne objavuj\u00fa v strednom a vy\u0161\u0161om veku, niektor\u00e9 typy v\u0161ak postihuj\u00fa aj mlad\u0161\u00edch pacientov.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1dory b\u00fdvaj\u00fa dlho skryt\u00e9. Prejavuj\u00fa sa napr\u00edklad ako postupne sa zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161uj\u00faca hr\u010dka, boles\u0165 alebo obmedzenie pohybu v postihnutej oblasti. Preto je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 ak\u00e9ko\u013evek podozriv\u00e9 zmeny \u010do najsk\u00f4r vy\u0161etri\u0165.<\/p>\n

Ako sa sark\u00f3my lie\u010dia?<\/h4>\n

Lie\u010dba sark\u00f3mov b\u00fdva kombinovan\u00e1 a m\u00f4\u017ee zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165:<\/p>\n

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  • chirurgick\u00e9 odstr\u00e1nenie n\u00e1doru,<\/li>\n
  • r\u00e1dioterapiu (o\u017earovanie),<\/li>\n
  • chemoterapiu (pod\u013ea typu sark\u00f3mu).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Cie\u013eom je n\u00e1dor \u010do naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zachova\u0165 funkciu postihnutej \u010dasti tela, napr\u00edklad kon\u010datiny. R\u00e1dioterapia m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou lie\u010dby pred oper\u00e1ciou na zmen\u0161enie n\u00e1doru, po oper\u00e1cii na zn\u00ed\u017eenie rizika n\u00e1vratu ochorenia alebo ako hlavn\u00e1 lie\u010dba vtedy, ke\u010f z\u00e1krok nie je mo\u017en\u00fd.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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    Pre\u010do zvoli\u0165 prot\u00f3nov\u00fa terapiu?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Sark\u00f3my sa m\u00f4\u017eu nach\u00e1dza\u0165 v bl\u00edzkosti d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far, ako s\u00fa nervy, cievy, \u010drevo, obli\u010dky alebo panvov\u00e9 org\u00e1ny. Pr\u00e1ve v tak\u00fdchto situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch hr\u00e1 rolu \u0161etrn\u00e9 a presn\u00e9 o\u017earovanie.<\/p>\n

    V\u00fdhody prot\u00f3novej lie\u010dby:<\/h4>\n
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    • umo\u017e\u0148uje poda\u0165 vysok\u00fa d\u00e1vku \u017eiarenia potrebn\u00fa pri niektor\u00fdch typoch sark\u00f3mov,<\/li>\n
    • \u0161etr\u00ed okolit\u00e9 zdrav\u00e9 tkaniv\u00e1 a org\u00e1ny,<\/li>\n
    • zni\u017euje riziko komplik\u00e1ci\u00ed a neskor\u00fdch n\u00e1sledkov,<\/li>\n
    • umo\u017e\u0148uje opakovan\u00e9 o\u017eiarenie v pr\u00edpade n\u00e1vratu ochorenia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Prot\u00f3nov\u00e1 terapia sa \u010dasto zva\u017euje pri sark\u00f3moch v obtia\u017enych lokaliz\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, napr\u00edklad v oblasti retroperitonea (oblas\u0165 zadnej \u010dasti brucha), panvy, hlavy a krku, pri n\u00e1doroch v bl\u00edzkosti chrbtice a nervov\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far.<\/p>\n

      Komu m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 prot\u00f3nov\u00e1 terapia odporu\u010den\u00e1?<\/h4>\n
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      • pri n\u00e1doroch v bl\u00edzkosti citliv\u00fdch org\u00e1nov (napr. tenk\u00e9ho \u010dreva, obli\u010diek alebo nervov\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far),<\/li>\n
      • u pacientov, u ktor\u00fdch nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1dor \u00faplne odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 oper\u00e1ciou alebo je vy\u0161\u0161ie riziko jeho n\u00e1vratu,<\/li>\n
      • ak je na lie\u010dbu potrebn\u00e9 poda\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161iu d\u00e1vku \u017eiarenia,<\/li>\n
      • pri n\u00e1doroch, ktor\u00e9 nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 bezpe\u010dne operova\u0165,<\/li>\n
      • pri n\u00e1vrate ochorenia, kedy je potrebn\u00e9 znovu o\u017eiari\u0165 rovnak\u00fa oblas\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9287,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-service-detail-with-sidebar.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9317","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9317","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9317"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9317\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9324,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9317\/revisions\/9324"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9317"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}