{"id":9327,"date":"2025-07-31T11:18:56","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T09:18:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/co-liecime\/dalsie-diagnozy\/ledviny\/"},"modified":"2026-03-10T12:12:27","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T11:12:27","slug":"oblicky","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/co-liecime\/dalsie-diagnozy\/oblicky\/","title":{"rendered":"Obli\u010dky"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Karcin\u00f3m obli\u010dky je n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 ochorenie, ktor\u00e9 vznik\u00e1 v obli\u010dkovom tkanive. Naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edm typom karcin\u00f3mu obli\u010diek je svetlobunkov\u00fd ren\u00e1lny (konven\u010dn\u00fd) karcin\u00f3m. Dlho bol pova\u017eovan\u00fd za zle o\u017eiarite\u013en\u00fd kv\u00f4li riziku po\u0161kodenia okolit\u00fdch org\u00e1nov, najm\u00e4 \u010driev, pe\u010dene alebo pankreasu. V\u010faka technologick\u00e9mu pokroku a nov\u00fdm klinick\u00fdm d\u00e1tam sa v\u0161ak tento poh\u013ead z\u00e1sadne zmenil. Prot\u00f3nov\u00e1 r\u00e1dioterapia dnes predstavuje \u0161etrn\u00fa a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 lie\u010dby aj pre pacientov, ktor\u00ed predt\u00fdm tak\u00fato alternat\u00edvu nemali.<\/p>\n

Ako sa karcin\u00f3m obli\u010dky lie\u010di?<\/h4>\n

Z\u00e1kladnou lie\u010dbou b\u00fdva oper\u00e1cia, bu\u010f \u010diasto\u010dn\u00e9 alebo \u00fapln\u00e9 odstr\u00e1nenie postihnutej obli\u010dky. Pri men\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1doroch mo\u017eno \u010dasto zachova\u0165 zdrav\u00fa \u010das\u0165 obli\u010dky. Ak v\u0161ak oper\u00e1cia nie je mo\u017en\u00e1, napr\u00edklad kv\u00f4li zdravotn\u00e9mu stavu pacienta, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 alternat\u00edvou nechirurgick\u00e1 lie\u010dba.<\/p>\n

Kto naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ochorie?<\/h4>\n

N\u00e1dory obli\u010diek sa \u010dastej\u0161ie vyskytuj\u00fa u mu\u017eov, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie po 50. roku \u017eivota. V ran\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1di\u00e1ch nezp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa zvy\u010dajne \u017eiadne pr\u00edznaky a b\u00fdvaj\u00fa odhalen\u00e9 n\u00e1hodne, napr\u00edklad pri ultrazvuku alebo CT vy\u0161etren\u00ed z in\u00e9ho d\u00f4vodu. Nesk\u00f4r sa m\u00f4\u017eu objavi\u0165 \u0165a\u017ekosti ako krv v mo\u010di, boles\u0165 v chrbte alebo \u00fanava sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 chudokrvnos\u0165ou. Toto v\u0161ak u\u017e b\u00fdvaj\u00fa prejavy pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho ochorenia. Aj preto je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 nepodce\u0148ova\u0165 prevent\u00edvne urologick\u00e9 kontroly, najm\u00e4 u mu\u017eov v strednom a vy\u0161\u0161om veku. Pri t\u00fdchto prehliadkach je toti\u017e mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1dor zachyti\u0165 v\u010das pomocou ultrazvukov\u00e9ho vy\u0161etrenia.<\/p>\n

\u010co hovoria klinick\u00e9 d\u00e1ta?<\/h4>\n

Rozhodnutie zaradi\u0165 karcin\u00f3m obli\u010dky medzi diagn\u00f3zy vhodn\u00e9 na prot\u00f3nov\u00fa lie\u010dbu vych\u00e1dza z v\u00fdsledkov medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed. Napr\u00edklad austr\u00e1lska \u0161t\u00fadia FASTRACK II preuk\u00e1zala 100 % kontrolu choroby v prvom roku o\u017earovania a len minim\u00e1lne ved\u013eaj\u0161ie \u00fa\u010dinky. Aj men\u0161ie japonsk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie s pou\u017eit\u00edm prot\u00f3nov ukazuj\u00fa vysok\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 a n\u00edzku toxicitu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Pre\u010do zvoli\u0165 prot\u00f3nov\u00fa terapiu?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pri n\u00e1doroch obli\u010dky je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 \u0161etri\u0165 okolit\u00e9 zdrav\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary a pokia\u013e mo\u017eno zachova\u0165 funkciu obli\u010dky. Prot\u00f3nov\u00e1 terapia to v\u010faka svojim fyzik\u00e1lnym vlastnostiam \u010dasto umo\u017e\u0148uje. \u017diarenie dok\u00e1\u017eeme presne zacieli\u0165 a obmedzi\u0165 tak d\u00e1vku na okolit\u00e9 org\u00e1ny, ako s\u00fa \u010drevn\u00e9 k\u013eu\u010dky, mo\u010dovod, obli\u010dkov\u00e1 panvi\u010dka a \u010fal\u0161ie d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 tkaniv\u00e1 v bru\u0161nej dutine.<\/p>\n

Prot\u00f3nov\u00e1 lie\u010dba m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vhodn\u00e1:<\/p>\n

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  • u pacientov, ktor\u00ed nie s\u00fa vhodn\u00ed na oper\u00e1ciu z d\u00f4vodu pridru\u017een\u00fdch intern\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed,<\/li>\n
  • u pacientov s chirurgicky \u0165a\u017eko rie\u0161ite\u013en\u00fdm n\u00e1lezom,<\/li>\n
  • ako alternat\u00edva k opera\u010dn\u00e9mu rie\u0161eniu u pacientov, ktor\u00ed chirurgick\u00fd v\u00fdkon odmietaj\u00fa,<\/li>\n
  • pri n\u00e1dore v solit\u00e1rnej obli\u010dke (t. j. u pacienta s jedinou obli\u010dkou) s rizikom vzniku \u010di zhor\u0161enia obli\u010dkovej nedostato\u010dnosti po oper\u00e1cii,<\/li>\n
  • pri n\u00e1doroch v oboch obli\u010dk\u00e1ch s rizikom vzniku \u010di zhor\u0161enia obli\u010dkovej nedostato\u010dnosti po oper\u00e1cii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9287,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-service-detail-with-sidebar.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9327","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9327","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9327"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9327\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9329,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9327\/revisions\/9329"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9327"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}