{"id":3580,"date":"2024-06-13T10:33:47","date_gmt":"2024-06-13T08:33:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/?p=3580"},"modified":"2024-06-13T10:33:47","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T08:33:47","slug":"rakovina-analneho-otvoru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/blog\/rakovina-analneho-otvoru\/","title":{"rendered":"Rakovina an\u00e1lneho otvoru"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Rakovina an\u00e1lneho otvoru je v\u202fporovnan\u00ed s\u202fostatn\u00fdmi karcin\u00f3mami v\u202foblasti tr\u00e1viacej s\u00fastavy pomerne vz\u00e1cna.<\/p>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col\">\n<p>Ochorie na&nbsp;\u0148u v\u202fpriemere asi 1 zo 150\u202f000 obyvate\u013eov SR. Hoci s\u00fa n\u00e1dory anu agres\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edm typom rakoviny, na\u0161\u0165astie sa prejav\u00ed u\u017e vo svojich ran\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1di\u00e1ch, a\u202fje teda mo\u017en\u00e9 ju v\u010das za\u010da\u0165 lie\u010di\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Mal\u00edgne n\u00e1dory anu postihuj\u00fa \u017eeny pribli\u017ene dvakr\u00e1t \u010dastej\u0161ie ako mu\u017eov. Ke\u010f\u017ee sa v\u202fritnej oblasti nach\u00e1dza viac r\u00f4znych typov tkaniva, rozli\u0161uje sa z\u202fhistologick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska aj viacero typov n\u00e1dorov. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ide o\u202fspinocelul\u00e1rny (dla\u017edicobunkov\u00fd) karcin\u00f3m, ktor\u00fd vznik\u00e1 z\u202fepitelu vystielaj\u00faceho vonkaj\u0161iu \u010das\u0165 kone\u010dn\u00edka. Menej \u010dasto ide o\u202fagres\u00edvny malobunkov\u00fd karcin\u00f3m, adenokarcin\u00f3m vych\u00e1dzaj\u00faci zo \u017e\u013eazov\u00e9ho epitelu, pr\u00edpadne i\u202fmal\u00edgny melan\u00f3m. Ve\u013emi vz\u00e1cne sa potom v\u202ftejto oblasti m\u00f4\u017eu objavi\u0165 zo spojivov\u00e9ho tkaniva vych\u00e1dzaj\u00face sark\u00f3my.<\/p>\n<h2>Pr\u00edznaky rakoviny anu<\/h2>\n<p>Karcin\u00f3m an\u00e1lneho otvoru b\u00fdva zisten\u00fd v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou pomerne zav\u010dasu, a\u202fto pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka nepr\u00edjemn\u00fdm prejavom, ktor\u00e9 ho sprev\u00e1dzaj\u00fa. N\u00e1dor m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 hmatate\u013en\u00fd ako hr\u010dka, \u010dasto sa objavuje aj slab\u00e9 krv\u00e1canie, boles\u0165 otvoru pri stolici, svrbenie a\u202fhlienovit\u00fd v\u00fdtok.<\/p>\n<p>Podobn\u00fd s\u00fabor pr\u00edznakov sprev\u00e1dzaj\u00fa aj ben\u00edgne ochorenie, ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad hemoroidy, ktor\u00e9 v\u0161ak \u010dasto karcin\u00f3m anu sprev\u00e1dzaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<h2>Rizikov\u00e9 faktory karcin\u00f3mu anu<\/h2>\n<p>Riziko vzniku rakoviny anu v\u00fdrazne zvy\u0161uje infekcia \u013eudsk\u00fdm papilomavir\u00fasom (HPV), prenosn\u00fdm napr\u00edklad prostredn\u00edctvom an\u00e1lneho sexu, a\u202fv\u00edrusom HIV. \u010eal\u0161ou ohrozenou skupinou potom predstavuj\u00fa pacienti so zn\u00ed\u017eenou imunitou v\u202fd\u00f4sledku u\u017e\u00edvania imunosupres\u00edv, napr. po org\u00e1nov\u00fdch transplant\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Preuk\u00e1zan\u00fd negat\u00edvny vplyv na&nbsp;rozvoj karcin\u00f3mu anu m\u00e1 taktie\u017e faj\u010denie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rakovina an\u00e1lneho otvoru je v\u202fporovnan\u00ed s\u202fostatn\u00fdmi karcin\u00f3mami v\u202foblasti tr\u00e1viacej s\u00fastavy pomerne vz\u00e1cna. Ochorie na&nbsp;\u0148u v\u202fpriemere asi 1 zo 150\u202f000 obyvate\u013eov SR. Hoci s\u00fa n\u00e1dory anu agres\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edm typom rakoviny, na\u0161\u0165astie sa prejav\u00ed u\u017e vo svojich ran\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1di\u00e1ch, a\u202fje teda mo\u017en\u00e9 ju v\u010das za\u010da\u0165 lie\u010di\u0165. Mal\u00edgne n\u00e1dory anu postihuj\u00fa \u017eeny pribli\u017ene dvakr\u00e1t \u010dastej\u0161ie ako mu\u017eov. Ke\u010f\u017ee sa&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2960,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3580","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3580"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3580\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3581,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3580\/revisions\/3581"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2960"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3580"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3580"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3580"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}