{"id":3597,"date":"2024-06-13T14:54:03","date_gmt":"2024-06-13T12:54:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/?p=3597"},"modified":"2024-06-13T14:54:03","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T12:54:03","slug":"rakovina-pazeraka-ake-su-priznaky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/blog\/rakovina-pazeraka-ake-su-priznaky\/","title":{"rendered":"Rakovina pa\u017eer\u00e1ka: ak\u00e9 s\u00fa pr\u00edznaky?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Karcin\u00f3m pa\u017eer\u00e1ka je n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 ochorenie s\u202frast\u00facim po\u010dtom v\u00fdskytu. Hoci postihuje naj\u010dastej\u0161ie mu\u017eov vo veku od 50 do 70 rokov, nie s\u00fa medzi pacientmi v\u00fdnimkou ani \u017eeny alebo deti.<\/p>\n

\n
\n

Na Slovensku je ro\u010dne diagnostikovan\u00fdch asi 500 pr\u00edpadov rakoviny pa\u017eer\u00e1ka.<\/p>\n

Pa\u017eer\u00e1k tvor\u00ed za\u010diatok tr\u00e1viaceho traktu. Ide o trubicu zo svaloviny, sp\u00e1jaj\u00facej \u00fastnu dutinu so \u017eal\u00fadkom. Zhubn\u00fd n\u00e1dor pa\u017eer\u00e1ka sa pritom m\u00f4\u017ee utvori\u0165 kdeko\u013evek v r\u00e1mci celej d\u013a\u017eky pa\u017eer\u00e1ka. Vznik\u00e1 pritom mut\u00e1cia r\u00f4znych typov buniek, ktor\u00e9 pa\u017eer\u00e1k tvor\u00ed. Asi v 90% pr\u00edpadoch ide o dla\u017edicobunkov\u00fd (spinocelul\u00e1rny) karcin\u00f3m, ktor\u00fd vznik\u00e1 z dla\u017edicov\u00fdch buniek, ktor\u00e9 vystielaj\u00fa vn\u00fatro pa\u017eer\u00e1ka. Zvy\u0161n\u00fdch 10% potom predstavuje adenokarcin\u00f3m, vznikaj\u00faci zo \u017eliazok v stene pa\u017eer\u00e1ka.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edznaky karcin\u00f3mu pa\u017eer\u00e1ka<\/h2>\n

Ke\u010f\u017ee je pa\u017eer\u00e1k ve\u013emi elastick\u00fd, s\u00fa prv\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky pr\u00edtomnosti n\u00e1doru pozorovate\u013en\u00e9 a\u017e v jeho pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edch \u0161t\u00e1di\u00e1ch. Vtedy sa za\u010dne objavova\u0165 s\u0165a\u017een\u00e9 preh\u013atanie, najsk\u00f4r najm\u00e4 tuh\u00fdch s\u00fast ako je m\u00e4so \u010di pe\u010divo. Nesk\u00f4r je pre chor\u00e9ho \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 prehltn\u00fa\u0165 aj ka\u0161ovit\u00fa stravu. \u010ealej sa m\u00f4\u017ee objavi\u0165:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Boles\u0165 v krku a tich\u00fd, chrap\u013eav\u00fd hlas,<\/li>\n
  • v\u00fdrazn\u00fd \u00fabytok na v\u00e1he,<\/li>\n
  • nevo\u013enos\u0165 a vracanie,<\/li>\n
  • \u010dierna, dechtovit\u00e1 stolica, ktor\u00e1 silne zap\u00e1cha.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Rizikov\u00e9 faktory<\/h2>\n

    Vznik karcin\u00f3mu pa\u017eer\u00e1ka je podnecovan\u00fd genetickou odch\u00fdlkou, a to naj\u010dastej\u0161ie u g\u00e9nu APC. T\u00e1to genetick\u00e1 odch\u00fdlka vznik\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou na z\u00e1klade vplyvu r\u00f4znych rizikov\u00fdch faktorov, ktor\u00fdmi s\u00fa:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • genetika,<\/li>\n
    • faj\u010denie, nadmern\u00e1 konzum\u00e1cia alkoholu alebo \u017euvanie tabaku,<\/li>\n
    • \u010dast\u00e1 konzum\u00e1cia silne korenen\u00fdch pokrmov,<\/li>\n
    • absencia ovocia a zeleniny v jed\u00e1lni\u010dku,<\/li>\n
    • \u010dast\u00e1 konzum\u00e1cia hor\u00facich n\u00e1pojov,<\/li>\n
    • poleptanie kyselinou \u010di l\u00fahom,<\/li>\n
    • refluxn\u00e1 ezofagit\u00edda (podr\u00e1\u017edenie pa\u017eer\u00e1ka vplyvom n\u00e1vratu tr\u00e1viacich \u0161tiav zo \u017eal\u00fadka), respekt\u00edve jej extr\u00e9mny d\u00f4sledok zvan\u00fd Barettov pa\u017eer\u00e1k, kedy doch\u00e1dza k bunkovej premene dla\u017edicov\u00e9ho epitelu na cylindrick\u00fd. Riziko vzniku adenokarcin\u00f3mu je pri Barettovom pa\u017eer\u00e1ku a\u017e 40\u00d7 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed,<\/li>\n
    • dlhodob\u00e1 achal\u00e1zia (ochrnutie svalov pa\u017eer\u00e1ka, maj\u00face za n\u00e1sledok jeho z\u00fa\u017eenie a t\u00fdm aj zhor\u0161en\u00fa priechodnos\u0165),<\/li>\n
    • Sj\u00f6grenov, Kellyho-Patersonov \u010di Plummer-Vinsonov syndr\u00f3m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Karcin\u00f3m pa\u017eer\u00e1ka je n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 ochorenie s\u202frast\u00facim po\u010dtom v\u00fdskytu. Hoci postihuje naj\u010dastej\u0161ie mu\u017eov vo veku od 50 do 70 rokov, nie s\u00fa medzi pacientmi v\u00fdnimkou ani \u017eeny alebo deti. Na Slovensku je ro\u010dne diagnostikovan\u00fdch asi 500 pr\u00edpadov rakoviny pa\u017eer\u00e1ka. Pa\u017eer\u00e1k tvor\u00ed za\u010diatok tr\u00e1viaceho traktu. Ide o trubicu zo svaloviny, sp\u00e1jaj\u00facej \u00fastnu dutinu so \u017eal\u00fadkom. Zhubn\u00fd n\u00e1dor pa\u017eer\u00e1ka sa…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2959,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3597","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3597"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3597\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3598,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3597\/revisions\/3598"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2959"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3597"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3597"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptc.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3597"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}